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<h1>I am humbled, your honor</h1>

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<center><span class="summary">Outline</span></center>
<ol>
<li><a href="#part1">Honorific and Humble Forms</a></li>
<li><a href="#part2">Set Expressions</a></li>
<li><a href="#part3">Other Substitutions</a></li>
<li><a href="#part4">Honorific and Humble Conjugations</a></li>
<li><a href="#part5">Making honorific requests</a></li>
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<h2 id="part1">Honorific and Humble Forms</h2>
Japanese can be roughly separated into three levels of politeness: casual, polite, and honorific/humble.  So far, we have already gone over the polite
forms using 「～です」 and 「～ます」.  We will now cover the next level of politeness using honorific and humble forms.  You will often hear this type of
language in any customer/consumer type situations such as fast food counters, restaurants, etc. For now, the first thing to remember
is that the speaker always considers himself/herself to be at the lowest level.  So any actions performed by oneself are in humble form while
actions performed by anyone else seen from the view of the speaker uses the honorific form.

<h2 id="part2">Set Expressions</h2>
The difficult part of learning honorific and humble language is that there are a number of words that have separate verbs for honorific and humble
forms.  Anything that does
not have it's own special expression fall under the general rules of humble and honorific conjugations that we will cover next.

<p />
<center>
<table border="1" cellpadding="5">
<caption>Honorific and Humble Verbs</caption>
<tr align="center"><th>Plain</th><th>Honorific</th><th>Humble</th></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="する - to do" class="popup">する</span></td><td><span title="なさる (hon.) - to do" class="popup">なさる</span></td><td><span title="いたす (hum.) - to do" class="popup">致す</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="いく - to go" class="popup">行く</span></td><td><span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃる</span>／<span title="おいでになる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">おいでになる</span></td><td><span title="まいる (hum.) - to go, to come" class="popup">参る</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="くる - to come" class="popup">来る</span></td><td><span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃる</span>／<span title="おいでになる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">おいでになる</span></td><td><span title="まいる (hum.) - to go, to come" class="popup">参る</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="いる - to exist (animate)" class="popup">いる</span></td><td><span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃる</span>／<span title="おいでになる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">おいでになる</span></td><td><span title="おる (hum.) - to exist (animate)" class="popup">おる</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="みる - to see" class="popup">見る</span></td><td><span title="ごらん (hon.) - seeing" class="popup">ご覧</span>に<span title="なる - to become" class="popup">なる</span></td><td><span title="はいけん (hum.) - seeing" class="popup">拝見</span><span title="する - to do" class="popup">する</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="きく - to ask, to hear" class="popup">聞く</span></td><td>－</td><td><span title="うかがう (hum.) - to ask, to enquire, to hear" class="popup">伺う</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="いう - to say" class="popup">言う</span></td><td><span title="おっしゃる (hon.) - to say" class="popup">おっしゃる</span></td><td><span title="もうす (hum.) - to say" class="popup">申す</span>／<span title="もうしあげる (hum.) - to say" class="popup">申し上げる</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="あげる - to give, to raise" class="popup">あげる</span></td><td>－</td><td><span title="さしあげる - to give, to offer" class="popup">差し上げる</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="くれる - to give" class="popup">くれる</span></td><td><span title="くださる (hon.) - to give" class="popup">下さる</span></td><td>－</td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="もらう - to receive" class="popup">もらう</span></td><td>－</td><td><span title="いただく - to receive" class="popup">いただく</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="たべる - to eat" class="popup">食べる</span></td><td><span title="めしあがる (hon.) - to eat" class="popup">召し上がる</span></td><td>－</td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="しる - to know" class="popup">知っている</span></td><td><span title="ごぞんじ (hon.) - knowing" class="popup">ご存知</span>（です）</td><td><span title="ぞんじる (hum.) - to know" class="popup">存じる</span></td></tr>

</table>
</center>

<h3>Honorific verbs with special conjugations</h3>
A number of these verbs <u>do not</u> follow the normal masu-conjugation rules and they include: 「<span title="なさる (hon.) - to do" class="popup">なさる</span>」、「<span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃる</span>」、「<span title="おっしゃる (hon.) - to say" class="popup">おっしゃる</span>」、「<span title="くださる (hon.) - to give" class="popup">下さる</span>」、 and 「<span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ござる</span>」 (which we will soon cover).
For all  masu-form tenses of these verbs, instead of the 「る」 becoming a 「り」 as it does with normal u-verbs, it instead becomes an 「い」.
All other conjugations besides the masu-form do not change from regular u-verbs.
<p />
<center>
<table border="1" cellpadding="5">
<caption>ます-conjugations</caption>
<tr align="center"><th>Plain</th><th>ます-form</th><th>Past ます-form</th><th>Negative ます-form</th><th>Past-negative ます-form</th></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="なさる (hon.) - to do" class="popup">なさる</span></td><td><span title="なさる (hon.) - to do" class="popup">なさ<em>い</em>ます</span></td><td><span title="なさる (hon.) - to do" class="popup">なさ<em>い</em>ました</span></td><td><span title="なさる (hon.) - to do" class="popup">なさ<em>い</em>ません</span></td><td><span title="なさる (hon.) - to do" class="popup">なさ<em>い</em>ませんでした</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃる</span></td><td><span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃ<em>い</em>ます</span></td><td><span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃ<em>い</em>ました</span></td><td><span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃ<em>い</em>ません</span></td><td><span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃ<em>い</em>ませんでした</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="おっしゃる (hon.) - to say" class="popup">おっしゃる</span></td><td><span title="おっしゃる (hon.) - to say" class="popup">おっしゃ<em>い</em>ます</span></td><td><span title="おっしゃる (hon.) - to say" class="popup">おっしゃ<em>い</em>ました</span></td><td><span title="おっしゃる (hon.) - to say" class="popup">おっしゃ<em>い</em>ません</span></td><td><span title="おっしゃる (hon.) - to say" class="popup">おっしゃ<em>い</em>ませんでした</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="くださる (hon.) - to give" class="popup">下さる</span></td><td><span title="くださる (hon.) - to give" class="popup">下さ<em>い</em>ます</span></td><td><span title="くださる (hon.) - to give" class="popup">下さ<em>い</em>ました</span></td><td><span title="くださる (hon.) - to give" class="popup">下さ<em>い</em>ません</span></td><td><span title="くださる (hon.) - to give" class="popup">下さ<em>い</em>ませんでした</span></td></tr>

<tr align="center"><td><span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ござる</span></td><td><span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ござ<em>い</em>ます</span></td><td><span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ござ<em>い</em>ました</span></td><td><span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ござ<em>い</em>ません</span></td><td><span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ござ<em>い</em>ませんでした</span></td></tr>
</table>
</center>

<h3>Examples of honorific form</h3>
We can now begin to see that 「<span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">ください</span>」 is just a special conjugation of 「<span title="くださる (hon.) - to give" class="popup">下さる</span>」 which is the honorific version of 「<span title="くれる - to give" class="popup">くれる</span>」.  Let's look at some actual examples.
Since these examples are all questions directed directly to someone (second person), they all use the honorific form.
<br />
<br />（１）　アリスさん、<span title="もう - already" class="popup">もう</span><em><span title="めしあがる (hon.) - to eat" class="popup">召し上がりました</span></em>か。- Alice-san, did [you] eat already?
<br />（２）　<span title="しごと - work" class="popup">仕事</span>で<span title="なに - what" class="popup">何</span>を<em><span title="なさる (hon.) - to do" class="popup">なさっている</span></em>んですか。- What are you doing at work?
<br />（３）　<span title="すいせんじょう - recommendation" class="popup">推薦状</span>を<span title="かく - to write" class="popup">書いて</span><em><span title="くださる - (hon.) to give; to confer" class="popup">くださる</span>んです</em>か。- You're going to give me the favor of writing a recommendation letter?
<br />（４）　<span title="どちら - which direction" class="popup">どちら</span>から<em><span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃいました</span></em>か。- Where did you come from?
<br />（５）　<span title="きょう - today" class="popup">今日</span>は、<span title="どちら - which direction" class="popup">どちら</span>へ<em><span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃいます</span></em>か。- Where are you going today?

<h3>Examples of humble form</h3>
The following examples are all actions done by the speaker so they all use the humble form.
<br />（１）　<span title="わたし - me, myself, I" class="popup">私</span>はキムと<em><span title="もうす (hum.) - to say" class="popup">申します</span></em>。- As for me, [people] say Kim. (I am called Kim.)
<br />（２）　<span title="わたし - me, myself, I" class="popup">私</span>が<span title="かく - to write" class="popup">書いた</span><span title="レポート - report" class="popup">レポート</span>を<span title="みる - to see" class="popup">見て</span><em><span title="いただく (hum.) -  to receive" class="popup">いただけます</span></em>か。 - Will I be able to receive the favor of getting my report looked at?
<br />（３）　<span title="しつれい - discourtesy" class="popup">失礼</span><em><span title="いたす (hum.) - to do" class="popup">致します</span></em>。- Excuse me. (lit: I am doing a discourtesy.)

<h2 id="part3">Other substitutions</h2>
In addition to these set expressions, there are some words that also have more polite counterparts.
Probably the most important is the politer version of 「<span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ある</span>」, which is 「<span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ござる</span>」. This verb can be used for both inanimate and animate objects.
It is neither honorific nor humble but it is a step above 「<span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ある</span>」 in politeness. However, unless you want to sound like a samurai,
「<span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ござる</span>」 is always used in the polite form: 「<span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ございます</span>」.

<p>By extension, the politer version of 「です」 is 「で<span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ございます</span>」.  This is essentially the
masu-form conjugation of 「で<span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ござる</span>」, which comes from 「で<span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ある</span>」 literally meaning, "to exist as" (to be covered <a href="formal.html#part2">much later</a>).
</p>

<h3>Examples</h3>
（１A）　<span title="こちら - this way, over here" class="popup">こちら</span>は、<span title="わたし - me, myself, I" class="popup">私</span>の<span title="へや - room" class="popup">部屋</span><em>です</em>。- Over here is my room.
<br />（１B）　<span title="こちら - this way, over here" class="popup">こちら</span>は、<span title="わたし - me, myself, I" class="popup">私</span>の<span title="へや - room" class="popup">部屋</span><em>で<span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ございます</span></em>。- This way is my room.
<br />
<br />（２A）　<span title="おてあらい - restroom" class="popup">お手洗い</span>は<span title="この - this" class="popup">この</span><span title="ビル - building" class="popup">ビル</span>の<span title="にかい - second floor" class="popup">二階</span>に<em><span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">あります</span></em>。- The bathroom is in the second floor of this building.
<br />（２B）　<span title="おてあらい - restroom" class="popup">お手洗い</span>は<span title="この - this" class="popup">この</span><span title="ビル - building" class="popup">ビル</span>の<span title="にかい - second floor" class="popup">二階</span>に<em><span title="ござる (formal) - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ございます</span></em>。- The bathroom is in the second floor of this building.

<p>
Other examples include 「<span title="いい - good" class="popup">いい</span>」, which is more formally expressed as 「<span title="よろしい - good" class="popup">よろしい</span>」.
There are also six different ways to say, "I'm sorry" (not counting 「<span title="わるい - bad" class="popup">悪い</span>ね」 or slight inflection changes like 「<span title="すいません - sorry" class="popup">すいません</span>」).
</p>
<p>Successively politer expressions for apologizing:
<br />（１）　<span title="ごめん - sorry" class="popup">ごめん</span>。
<br />（２）　<span title="ごめんなさい - sorry" class="popup">ごめんなさい</span>。
<br />（３）　<span title="すみません - sorry" class="popup">すみません</span>。
<br />（４）　<span title="もうしわけ - excuse" class="popup">申し訳</span><span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">ありません</span>。 (<span title="もうしわけ - excuse" class="popup">申し訳</span> is the humble form of <span title="いいわけ - excuse" class="popup">言い訳</span>)
<br />（５）　<span title="おそれいる - to be sorry" class="popup">恐れ入ります</span>。
<br />（６）　<span title="きょうしゅく - shame" class="popup">恐縮</span>です。
</p>

<p>In addition, the politest suffix for names is 「<span title="さま - polite suffix" class="popup">様</span>」, one level above 「さん」.  You won't be using this suffix too often in actual speech
even if you speak to that person in honorific/humble speech.  However, expect to use it when writing letters even to people you are
somewhat familiar with.  Also, service people such as cashiers or waitresses/waiters will normally refer to the customer as 「<span title="おきゃくさま - customer" class="popup">お客様</span>」.
Of course, royalty and deities are always accompanied by 「<span title="さま - polite suffix" class="popup">様</span>」 such as 「<span title="かみさま - god" class="popup">神様</span>」.
</p>


<h2 id="part4">Honorific and Humble Conjugations</h2>
For all other verbs without set expressions, there are conjugation rules to change them into honorific and humble forms.  They both involve a common
practice of attaching a polite prefix 「<span title="ご - honorific prefix" class="popup">御</span>」.  In Japanese, there is an practice of attaching an honorific prefix 「<span title="ご - honorific prefix" class="popup">御</span>」
to certain (not all) nouns to show politeness.  In fact, some words like 「<span title="おさけ - alcohol" class="popup">お酒</span>」、 「<span title="おちゃ - tea" class="popup">お茶</span>」、or 「<span title="おかね - money" class="popup">お金</span>」
come with this prefix so often that it's become practically the word itself.  In general, 「<span title="ご - honorific prefix" class="popup">御</span>」 is written in hiragana as either 「ご」 for words read as
<span title="おんよみ - Chinese reading" class="popup">音読み</span> （例： ご<span title="いけん - opinion" class="popup">意見</span>、<span title="ごはん - rice, meal" class="popup">ご飯</span>） or 「お」 for words read as
<span title="くんよみ - Japanese reading" class="popup">訓読み</span> （例： <span title="おかね - money" class="popup">お金</span>、
お<span title="しごと - work" class="popup">仕事</span>）. In fact, you may have been using this prefix already without realizing it
like 「<span title="おこのみやき - Japanese pancake" class="popup">お好み焼き</span>」 or 「<span title="おみやげ - souvenir" class="popup">お土産</span>」.
There are some exceptions to this rule such as 「お<span title="へんじ - reply" class="popup">返事</span>」. Luckily since
「<span title="ご - honorific prefix" class="popup">御</span>」 is rarely written in kanji, identifying the exceptions should not really be a problem.

<h3>Honorific Form</h3>
The honorific form of verbs <i>that are not among the set honorific expressions given above</i> can be formed in two different ways.

<p><b>Honorific Conjugation 1: お + stem + に + <span title="なる - to become" class="popup">なる</span></b></p>
<p>This kind of makes sense if you think of it as a person becoming the honorific state of a verb.  All subsequent conjugations follow the normal rules of
conjugating the u-verb 「<span title="なる - to become" class="popup">なる</span>」.  To be honest, this type of sentence formulation is rarely used.
</p>

<p>（１）　<span title="せんせい - teacher" class="popup">先生</span>は<span title="どう - how" class="popup"></span><em>お<span title="みえる - to be visible" class="popup">見え</span>に<span title="なる - to become" class="popup">なります</span></em>か。- Have you seen the teacher?
</p>

<p><b>Honorific Conjugation 2:  お + stem + です</b>
</p>

<p>（２）　<span title="もう - already" class="popup">もう</span><em>お<span title="かえる - to go home" class="popup">帰り</span>です</em>か。- You're going home already?
<br />（３）　<span title="てんない - inside store" class="popup">店内</span>で<em>お<span title="めしあがる (hon.) - to eat" class="popup">召し上がり</span>です</em>か。- Will you be dining in?
<br /> Service people want to be extra polite so they will often use this type of "double honorific" conjugation or <span title="にじゅうけいご -  doubly-polite phrase" class="popup">二重敬語</span> (in this case, the honorific 「<span title="めしあがる (hon.) - to eat" class="popup">召し上がる</span>」 combined with the honorific conjugation).  Whether it's necessary or grammatically proper is another story.
</p>


<h3>Using 「<span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">ください</span>」 with honorifics</h3>
You can also use 「<span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">下さい</span>」 with a honorific verb by replacing 「に<span title="なる - to become" class="popup">なる</span>」 with 「<span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">ください</span>」. This is useful for when you want to ask somebody to do something but still use a honorific verb.

<p>Yet another often-used expression.
<br />（１）　<span title="しょうしょう - just a bit" class="popup">少々</span><em>お<span title="まつ - to wait" class="popup">待ち</span><span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">ください</span></em>。- Please wait a moment.
</p>

<p>Similarly, with 「<span title="ごらん (hon.) - seeing" class="popup">ご覧</span>に<span title="なる - to become" class="popup">なる</span>」, you simply replace 「に<span title="なる - to become" class="popup">なる</span>」 with 「<span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">ください</span>」.
<br />（２）　<span title="こちら - this way, over here" class="popup">こちら</span>に<em><span title="ごらん (hon.) - seeing" class="popup">ご覧</span><span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">下さい</span></em>。- Please look this way.
</p>

<p>This works for other nouns as well.  For example, riding the trains...
<br />（３）　<span title="しまる - to be closed" class="popup">閉まる</span><span title="ドア - door" class="popup">ドア</span>に<em>ご<span title="ちゅうい - caution" class="popup">注意</span><span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">下さい</span></em>。- Please be careful of the closing doors.
</p>

<h3>Humble Form</h3>
Humble verbs are formed in the following fashion.
<p><b>Humble Conjugation: お + stem + <span title="する - to do" class="popup">する</span></b></p>

<p>You've probably already heard the first example many times before but now you know exactly where it comes from.</p>

<p>（１）　<span title="よろしい - good" class="popup">よろしく</span><em>お<span title="ねがう - to request" class="popup">願いします</span></em>。- I properly make request.
<br />（２）　<span title="せんせい - teacher" class="popup">先生</span>、<em>お<span title="きく - to ask, to hear" class="popup">聞き</span><span title="する - to do" class="popup">したい</span></em><span title="こと - event, matter" class="popup">こと</span>が<span title="ある - to exist (inanimate)" class="popup">あります</span>が。- Teacher, there's something I want to ask you.
<br />（３）　<span title="すみません - sorry" class="popup">すみません</span>、<em>お<span title="まつ - to wait" class="popup">待たせ</span><span title="する - to do" class="popup">しました</span></em>。- Sorry, I made you wait (causative form).
<br />（４）　<span title="せんえん - 1,000 yen" class="popup">千円</span>から<em>お<span title="あずかる - to keep charge of" class="popup">預かり</span><span title="いたす (hum.) - to do" class="popup">いたします</span></em>。- We'll be holding on [from?] your 1000 yen.
</p>
<p>You'll hear something like example （４） when, for example, you need to get change after paying 1000 yen.
Again, the <span title="にじゅうけいご -  doubly-polite phrase" class="popup">二重敬語</span> where 「<span title="する - to do" class="popup">する</span>」 has been converted to the humble 「<span title="いたす (hum.) - to do" class="popup">致す</span>」 form when it's already in the お+stem+<span title="する - to do" class="popup">する</span> humble form.  Some
Japanese people complain that this makes no sense and that 「から」 should really be 「を」.
</p>

<h2 id="part5">Making honorific requests</h2>
We learned how to make polite requests using 「～<span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">ください</span>」 in <a href="requests.html#part2">this previous section</a> and we just looked at how to use honorific verbs with requests as well. However, there is yet another way to make requests using honorific verbs. This grammar only applies to the honorific verbs with special 「～ます」 conjugations that we just covered. This includes 「<span title="くださる (hon.) - to give" class="popup">下さる</span>」、「<span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃる</span>」、「<span title="なさる (hon.) - to do" class="popup">なさる</span>」、and 「<span title="おっしゃる (hon.) - to say" class="popup">おっしゃる</span>」.　I've never actually seen this used with 「<span title="おっしゃる (hon.) - to say" class="popup">おっしゃる</span>」, but it is grammatically possible.

<div class="sumbox">
<span class="summary">Making requests for honorific actions</span>
<ul>
<li>Conjugate the honorific verb to the special masu-conjugation and replace the last 「す」 with 「せ」
<br />例）　<span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">下さ<em><strike>る</strike></em></span> → <span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">下さいま<em><strike>す</strike></em></span> → <span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">下さいま<em>せ</em></span>
<br />例）　<span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃ<em><strike>る</strike></em></span> → <span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃいま<em><strike>す</strike></em></span> → <span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃいま<em>せ</em></span></li>
</ul>

<ul>
<li>An abbreviated and less formal version of this is to simply remove the 「ます」 after conjugating to special the masu-form
<br />例）　<span title="くださる (hon.) - to give" class="popup">下さ<em><strike>る</strike></em></span> → <span title="くださる (hon.) - to give" class="popup">下さい<em><strike>ます</strike></em></span> → <span title="くださる (hon.) - to give" class="popup">下さい</span>
<br />例）　<span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃ<em><strike>る</strike></em></span> → <span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃい<em><strike>ます</strike></em></span> → <span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃい</span></li>
</ul>
</div>

<p>Now you finally know where grammar such as 「<span title="する - to do" class="popup">し</span><em>なさい</em>」 and  「<span title="する - to do" class="popup">して</span><em><span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">ください</span></em>」 actually came from.
Let's look at a few quick examples.
</p>

<h3>Examples</h3>
You'll probably hear this one a million times every time you enter some kind of store in Japan.
<br />（１）　<em><span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃいませ</span></em>。- Please come in!

<p>
However, a middle-aged sushi chef will probably use the abbreviated version.
<br />（２）　<em><span title="いらっしゃる (hon.) - to go, to come, to exist (animate)" class="popup">いらっしゃい</span></em>！- Please come in!
</p>

<p>
Some more examples...
<br />（３）　<span title="ありがとうございます (pol) - thank you" class="popup">ありがとうございました</span>。<span title="また - again" class="popup">また</span>お<span title="こす - to go over" class="popup">越し</span><em><span title="ください - please give, please do" class="popup">くださいませ</span></em>。- Thank you very much. Please come again.
<br />（４）　<span title="どうぞ - please" class="popup">どうぞ</span>、ご<span title="ゆっくり - slowly" class="popup">ゆっくり</span><em><span title="なさる (hon.) - to do" class="popup">なさいませ</span></em>。- Please take your time and relax.
</p>

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<div class="small" style="text-align:right;"><pre>This page has last been revised on 2006/8/19</pre></div>
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